I have 10.4.11. I installed the latest security update. When it
restarted, it hung 20 minutes with the spinning gear. I held the button
to shut down, hoping I wasn't causing a disaster.
Then it started fine. The log said that the first time, the System
Starter Authentication Service did not complete successfully.
I can think of two things I did "wrong." I failed to check the disk
first with Disk Utility; it needed a minor repair to the volume header.
Second, when the download completed and the update began, I had
Preview open. Could either of these have caused the authentication
problem? (I don't need a password to start.)